Monte Carlo method
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Monte Carlo methods in VaR analysis
In Value at Risk analysis, an alternative method for calculating the probability distribution (rather than using the Delta-normal method or the Historical simulation method).
Monte Carlo simulations consist of two steps:
- First, a stochastic (random) process for financial variables is specified as well as process parameters.
- Both historical data and appropriate judgement can be used for such parameters as risk and correlations.
- Second, multiple fictitious price paths are simulated for all variables of interest. At each horizon considered, the portfolio is marked-to-market using full valuation.
- A distribution of returns is eventually produced, from which a VaR figure can be measured.
Monte Carlo methods in other applications
More generally, Monte Carlo methods are the simulation of multiple fictitious outcomes, using a combination of historical and judgemental parameters and a randomised process.
The name originated from the famous Monte Carlo casino.
